Docosahexaenoic Acid

Synonyms: DHA, cervonic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, all-cis-4,7,10,13,16,19-docosahexaenoic acid, 22:6n-3, (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosa-4,7,10,13,16,19-hexaenoic acid

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is a 22-carbon omega-3 fatty acid with six cis double bonds, the first at the fourth carbon from the methyl end. This unique structure—a long, kinked hydrocarbon chain terminating in a carboxylic acid—confers remarkable flexibility and fluidity to cell membranes, particularly in the brain and retina. The six double bonds also make DHA highly susceptible to oxidation, which is why commercial production demands strict control of light, heat, and oxygen.

In nature, DHA originates from marine algae and accumulates in fish oil. For supplement and pharmaceutical use, it is typically derived from microalgae (e.g., Schizochytrium sp.) or purified from fish oil. LyvBio offers algae-sourced DHA as a clear, low-odor oil standardized to ≥98% by GC, suitable for vegan and allergen-free formulations. The high purity makes it ideal for clinical nutrition, infant formula, and research applications where consistent dosing is critical.

Beyond its well-known role in cardiovascular and cognitive health, DHA serves as a precursor to specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) such as resolvins and protectins. These metabolites actively resolve inflammation, a mechanism that has attracted interest in areas ranging from neuroprotection to immune modulation. For formulators, DHA’s challenge lies in stability; our oil is stabilized with natural tocopherols and delivered under nitrogen to preserve potency.

Chemical Structure & Properties

DHA is a polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) with the shorthand notation 22:6 n-3. Its six methylene-interrupted cis double bonds create a curved, helical conformation that occupies a larger cross-sectional area than saturated fatty acids. This property underlies its biological effects on membrane order and lipid raft formation. The carboxylic acid head group allows for esterification into phospholipids and triglycerides. In its free acid form, DHA is a pale yellow oil with a characteristic faint marine odor; it is sensitive to oxidation, light, and heat, and should be stored under inert gas at low temperatures.

Mechanism of Action

• Membrane fluidity modulation: DHA incorporates into phospholipid bilayers, increasing fluidity and influencing the function of membrane-bound receptors and ion channels.
• Precursor to resolvins and protectins: Enzymatic conversion yields D-series resolvins and protectins that actively resolve inflammation.
• Gene expression regulation: DHA acts as a ligand for transcription factors such as PPARs, modulating lipid metabolism and inflammatory pathways.
• Neuroprotection: In the brain, DHA supports synaptic plasticity and protects against oxidative stress-induced neuronal damage.
• Cardiovascular effects: DHA lowers triglycerides and influences platelet function and endothelial health.

Quality Specifications

Supply & Documentation

• Capacity: 20 metric tons per year
• Lead time: 3-5 business days (stock items)
• Documentation: COA, MSDS, TDS available upon request
• Packaging: 1 kg, 5 kg, 25 kg in amber glass bottles or aluminum drums, under nitrogen

Request For Quote

• LyvBio Co., Ltd. — Email: info@lyvbio.com