Dimethyl Isosorbide

Synonyms: Dimethyl Isosorbide, DMI, Isosorbide dimethyl ether, 1,4:3,6-Dianhydro-2,5-di-O-methyl-D-glucitol, NSC 40725

Dimethyl Isosorbide is a biobased, aprotic solvent derived from isosorbide, which itself is produced from glucose via hydrogenation and subsequent dehydration. The molecule consists of a bicyclic dianhydroglucitol framework in which the two hydroxyl groups have been converted to methyl ethers. This structural modification yields a low-molecular-weight, highly polar yet lipophilic liquid that exhibits exceptional solvency for a wide range of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and cosmetic actives. Unlike conventional solvents such as ethanol or propylene glycol, DMI is non-flammable, odorless, and practically non-irritating, making it a preferred choice for formulations targeting sensitive skin or mucosal tissues.

In the pharmaceutical and personal care industries, Dimethyl Isosorbide is primarily employed as a penetration enhancer and solvent. It enhances the percutaneous absorption of both hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs by disrupting the lipid bilayer of the stratum corneum and increasing the partitioning of actives into the skin. This property has been leveraged in transdermal delivery systems, topical gels, and dermatological creams to improve the bioavailability of compounds like ibuprofen, ketoprofen, and estradiol. Additionally, DMI serves as a co-solvent in injectable formulations and as a stabilizer for unstable actives, such as retinoids and vitamin C derivatives.

Beyond its use in drug delivery, Dimethyl Isosorbide finds application as a green solvent in chemical synthesis, where it replaces traditional solvents like dimethylformamide (DMF) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in certain reactions. Its high boiling point (around 236°C), low toxicity, and biodegradability align with the principles of green chemistry. The compound is also used in the production of agrochemicals, coatings, and electronic materials, where its ability to dissolve a broad spectrum of substances without introducing reactive functional groups is highly valued.

Chemical Structure & Properties

Dimethyl Isosorbide belongs to the family of isosorbide ethers. Its structure comprises two fused tetrahydrofuran rings with methyl ether substituents at positions 2 and 5. The absence of free hydroxyl groups renders the molecule chemically inert under many conditions, while the ether linkages provide stability against hydrolysis and oxidation. The compound is a clear, colorless liquid with a faint, characteristic odor. It is miscible with water in all proportions and with a wide array of organic solvents, including alcohols, ketones, esters, and aromatic hydrocarbons. Its high polarity (dielectric constant ~ 12) and aprotic nature make it an excellent medium for polar reactions and formulations.

Mechanism of Action

• Penetration enhancement: DMI interacts with the intercellular lipids of the stratum corneum, fluidizing the lipid bilayers and creating reversible channels that facilitate the diffusion of both hydrophilic and lipophilic permeants.
• Solubilization: As a potent solvent, it increases the solubility of poorly soluble actives in the formulation vehicle, thereby maintaining a high thermodynamic activity gradient across the skin.
• Partitioning modulation: By altering the solvent properties of the vehicle, DMI can shift the partitioning of actives into the skin, favoring absorption over retention in the vehicle.
• Stabilization: In formulations containing oxidation-prone actives (e.g., retinoids, ascorbic acid), DMI reduces degradation by limiting exposure to water and oxygen, extending product shelf life.

Quality Specifications

Supply & Documentation

• Capacity: 500 metric tons per year
• Lead time: 3-5 business days (stock items)
• Documentation: COA, MSDS, TDS, DMF (upon request), ISO 9001:2015 certified
• Packaging: 25 kg HDPE drums, 200 kg steel drums, or 1000 kg IBC totes; nitrogen-flushed for extended shelf life

Request For Quote

• LyvBio Co., Ltd. — Email: info@lyvbio.com