DIAMINE OXIDASE

Synonyms: Diamine oxidase, DAO, Amine oxidase (copper-containing), Histaminase, EC 1.4.3.22

Diamine oxidase (DAO) is a copper-containing amine oxidase that catalyzes the oxidative deamination of biogenic amines, most notably histamine, into their corresponding aldehydes, ammonia, and hydrogen peroxide. This enzyme plays a pivotal role in the metabolic breakdown of histamine, a key mediator of allergic and inflammatory responses. The enzyme’s activity is essential for maintaining histamine homeostasis in the gut and other tissues.

Commercially, diamine oxidase is typically derived from porcine kidneys or produced via microbial fermentation, offering a reliable source for supplementation and research. The enzyme is widely recognized for its potential in managing histamine intolerance, a condition where the body’s natural DAO production is insufficient to degrade dietary histamine. As a result, DAO supplements have gained traction in the nutraceutical market, and the enzyme is also used in food processing to reduce histamine levels in fermented products.

In research, diamine oxidase serves as a valuable tool for studying histamine metabolism and its implications in gastrointestinal health, allergic reactions, and inflammatory bowel disease. Its specificity for histamine and other diamines makes it a target for therapeutic interventions and diagnostic assays.

Chemical Structure & Properties

Diamine oxidase is a homodimeric glycoprotein with a molecular weight ranging from 180 to 200 kDa. Each subunit contains a tightly bound copper ion and a covalently linked topaquinone cofactor, which are essential for catalytic activity. The enzyme’s active site is highly specific for diamines, with histamine being the preferred substrate. The oxidation reaction proceeds via a ping-pong mechanism, where the amine substrate is first oxidized to an aldehyde, followed by the reduction of molecular oxygen to hydrogen peroxide.

作用機序

• Histamine degradation: DAO oxidizes histamine to imidazole acetaldehyde, ammonia, and hydrogen peroxide, thereby reducing histamine levels in the gut and bloodstream.
• Regulation of polyamine levels: DAO also acts on other biogenic amines such as putrescine and cadaverine, helping to regulate their concentrations and prevent toxicity.
• Gut barrier integrity: By degrading histamine, DAO supports the integrity of the intestinal mucosal barrier, reducing permeability and preventing systemic inflammation.
• Immune response modulation: Lowering histamine levels can mitigate allergic responses and inflammatory cascades, contributing to immune homeostasis.

品質仕様

供給および書類

• 容量: 100 kg per month
• リードタイム: 7-10 days after order confirmation
• ドキュメント: COA, MSDS, TDS, and allergen statement available
• パッケージ: 1 kg, 5 kg, 25 kg foil bags or fiber drums

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