Nicotinamide

Synonyms: Nicotinamide, Niacinamide, Nicotinic acid amide, Vitamin B3, Pyridine-3-carboxamide, 3-Pyridinecarboxamide

Nicotinamide, also known as niacinamide, is the amide derivative of nicotinic acid (vitamin B3). Structurally, it consists of a pyridine ring bearing a carboxamide group at the 3-position, a configuration that allows it to serve as a direct precursor to the coenzymes NAD⁺ and NADP⁺. These dinucleotides are central to cellular redox reactions, and their availability influences processes ranging from oxidative phosphorylation to DNA repair. Because the amide form lacks the vasodilatory effect of nicotinic acid, it is often preferred in clinical and cosmetic applications where flushing is undesirable.

Commercially, nicotinamide is produced through the hydrolysis of 3-cyanopyridine or by ammonolysis of nicotinic acid. It is available in multiple grades, including pharmaceutical grade (USP/EP/BP), food grade (FCC), and cosmetic grade, each with specific purity and impurity profiles. The compound is highly water-soluble, stable under normal storage conditions, and compatible with a wide range of excipients, making it a versatile active ingredient in oral and topical formulations.

In pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications, nicotinamide is used to treat pellagra, support skin health, and manage conditions such as acne and rosacea. It also plays a role in cellular energy metabolism and has been studied for its potential in neuroprotection and cancer prevention. In the cosmetics industry, it is valued for its ability to improve skin barrier function, reduce hyperpigmentation, and minimize fine lines. Additionally, it serves as a key intermediate in the synthesis of NAD⁺ analogs and other bioactive compounds.

化学構造と性質

Nicotinamide is a white, odorless crystalline powder with a molecular weight of 122.13 g/mol. Its pyridine ring and amide group confer high polarity, resulting in excellent solubility in water (1000 mg/mL at 25°C) and ethanol. The compound has a melting point range of 128–131°C and is stable under ambient conditions, though it should be protected from moisture and light to prevent degradation. Its UV absorption maximum occurs at 261 nm, which is useful for analytical quantification.

作用機序

• NAD⁺ precursor: Nicotinamide is converted to NAD⁺ via the salvage pathway, supporting cellular energy metabolism and redox balance.
• PARP inhibition: It acts as a weak inhibitor of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, influencing DNA repair and apoptosis.
• Anti-inflammatory effects: Nicotinamide modulates cytokine production and inhibits neutrophil chemotaxis, reducing inflammation in skin and other tissues.
• Sebum regulation: In topical applications, it reduces sebum production and improves skin barrier function by enhancing ceramide synthesis.
• Melanin transfer inhibition: It interferes with the transfer of melanosomes from melanocytes to keratinocytes, leading to reduced hyperpigmentation.

品質仕様

供給および書類

• 容量: 500 metric tons per year
• リードタイム: 3～5営業日（在庫品）
• ドキュメント: COA, MSDS, TDS, GMP, ISO, Kosher, Halal
• パッケージ: 25 kg fiber drum with double polyethylene liner, or as per customer request

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