Tetramisole

Synonyms: (±)-Tetramisole, Racemic tetramisole, 2,3,5,6-Tetrahydro-6-phenylimidazo[2,1-b]thiazole, Tetramisole base, NSC 102825

Tetramisole is a synthetic imidazothiazole anthelmintic that acts as a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist. Its structure features a phenyl-substituted imidazothiazole ring, which mimics the natural neurotransmitter acetylcholine and leads to sustained muscle contraction in susceptible parasites. The compound is the racemic mixture of levamisole and dextramisole, with the levo-isomer carrying the primary anthelmintic activity.

First developed in the 1960s, tetramisole is produced through a multi-step synthesis starting from styrene oxide and aminoethanethiol, followed by cyclization. It is supplied as the hydrochloride salt or the free base, with the hydrochloride form offering better water solubility. The product is typically available in technical grade for veterinary formulations and in high-purity grade for research and reference standards.

In veterinary medicine, tetramisole is used to treat gastrointestinal nematode infections in cattle, sheep, and swine. It also serves as an immunomodulator in some species and as a research tool for studying nicotinic receptor pharmacology. Its well-defined mechanism and broad-spectrum activity continue to make it a valuable ingredient in anthelmintic formulations.

Chemical Structure & Properties

Tetramisole is a white to off-white crystalline powder with a molecular weight of 204.29 g/mol. It is freely soluble in water and ethanol, making it suitable for oral drench and injectable formulations. The molecule contains a thiazole ring fused to an imidazoline ring, with a phenyl substituent at the 6-position. This lipophilic phenyl group enhances penetration through parasite cuticles. The compound is stable under normal storage conditions but should be protected from light and moisture.

Mechanism of Action

• Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonism: Tetramisole binds to nicotinic receptors on parasite muscle cells, causing persistent depolarization and spastic paralysis.
• Ganglion stimulation: It initially stimulates autonomic ganglia, followed by blockade at higher concentrations.
• Fumarate reductase inhibition: In some nematodes, tetramisole interferes with the fumarate reductase system, disrupting energy production.
• Immunomodulatory effects: The levo-isomer can enhance T-cell mediated immune responses in certain hosts.

Quality Specifications (QC Tests)

Supply & Documentation

• Capacity: 50 metric tons per year
• Lead time: 3-5 business days
• Documentation: COA, MSDS, TDS available upon request
• Packaging: 25 kg fiber drum with double PE liner, or as customized

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the minimum order quantity (MOQ)?

Our standard MOQ is 25 kg. For smaller quantities, please contact us to discuss your specific needs.

What is the delivery time?

For stock items, delivery is 3-5 business days after order confirmation.

Can you provide a COA and samples?

Yes, we provide a COA for each batch. Samples are available upon request; please contact our sales team for arrangements.

Contact & Ordering Information

• Company: LyvBio Co., Ltd.
• Address: Room 5-0203, Courtyard 205, Lianhu District, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
• Email: info@lyvbio.com
• Phone: +86-29-65816888

send us your specification for a quotation.